Regional distribution of freshwater mammal subspecies

Order	Family	*Subspecies scientific name*	Subspecies common name	Regions						References
Order	Family	*Subspecies scientific name*	Subspecies common name	Africa	Asia	Australasia	Europe	North America	South America	References
Didelphimorphia	Didelphidae	Chironectes minimus argyrodytes	Unnamed subspecies					✔ El Salvador, Honduras & South Mexico		(Marshall, 1978; Wilson, 2005)
		C. m. bresslaui	Bresslau water opossum						✔ Southern Brazil	(Marshall, 1978)
		C. m. langsdorffi	Unnamed subspecies						✔ Southern Brazil	(Wilson, 2005)
		C. m. minimus	Water opossum/ Yapok						✔ NE, Guianas & basins of Amazon & Orinoco	(Marshall, 1978; Wilson, 2005)
		C. m. panamensis	Panama water opossum					✔ Nicaragua, Costa Rica & Panamá	✔ NW South America	(Marshall, 1978; Wilson, 2005)
Sirenia	Trichechidae	Trichechus manatus latirostris	Florida manatee					✔		(Domning, 1981; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Committee on Taxonomy, 2014)
		T. m. manatus	Antillean manatee						✔	(Domning, 1981; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Committee on Taxonomy, 2014)
Rodentia	Castoridaea	Castor fiber albicus	Unnamed subspecies				✔ Germany			(Durka et al., 2005)
		C. f. birulai	Sino-Mongolian beaver		✔ Buergan River, Xinjiang-Mongolian Boarder					(Durka et al., 2005; Chu & Jiang, 2009)
		C. f. fiber	Eurasian beaver				✔ Norway			(Jenkins & Busher, 1979; Durka et al., 2005)
		C. f. galliae	French European beaver				✔ France			(Durka et al., 2005)
		C. f. pohlei	Ural European beaver		✔ Kondiskyj Zakaznik, Russia					(Durka et al., 2005)
		C. f. tuvinicus	Tuvinian beaver		✔ Azas River, Russia					(Durka et al., 2005)
	Cricetidae	Arvicola sapidus sapidus	Southwestern water vole				✔ Portugal & southern Spain			(Desclaux et al., 2000)
		A. s. tenebricus	Dusky water vole				✔ France & northern Spain			(Desclaux et al., 2000)
		H. b. darwinib	Unnamed subspecies						✔ E Argentina to Patagonia, S Brazil, E Paraguay & Uruguay	(Formoso et al., 2010)
		H. b. vulpinusb	Unnamed subspecies						✔ E Argentina to Patagonia, S Brazil, E Paraguay & Uruguay	(Formoso et al., 2010)
		Holochilus sciureus sciureus	Amazonian marsh rat						✔ Brazil, S Colombia, E Peru, Ecuador & N Bolivia	(Barreto & García-Rangel, 2005)
		H. s. berbicensis	Unnamed subspecies						✔ Venezuela, N Brazil, E Colombia & the Guianas	(Barreto & García-Rangel, 2005)
		Ichthyomys hydrobates hydrobates	Crab-eating rat						✔ Andes of W Venezuela, Colombia, and N Ecuador	(Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005)
		I. h. nicefori	Unnamed subspecies						✔ Paime, Colombia	(Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005)
		I. h. soderstromi	Unnamed subspecies						✔ Pichincha, Ecuador	(Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005)
		Ichthyomys stolzmanni stolzmanni	Stolzmann’s crab-eating rat						✔ E Ecuador and Perú	(Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005)
		I. s. orientalis	Unnamed subspecies						✔ Rio Napo, Ecuador and Perú	(Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005)
		Ondatra zibethicus albus	Hudson muskrat					✔ Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Keewatin & Nunavut		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. aquihnis	Labrador/ Northern muskrat					✔ Labrador & Quebec		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. bermardi	Colorado River muskrat					✔ S Nevada, SE California, W Arizona & Mexico		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. cinnamominus	Great Plains muskrat					✔ SW Canada & Central to West USA		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. goldmani	Goldman muskrat					✔ Utah, NW Arizona & SE Nevada		(Willner et al., 1980; Wilson, 2005; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. macrodom	Large-toothed/ Virginia muskrat					✔ North & North East USA		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. mergens	Nevada muskrat					✔ N Nevada, N California, SE Oregon & W Utah		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. obscurus	Dusky/ Newfoundland muskrat					✔ Newfoundland, Canada		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. occipitalis	Oregon muskrat					✔ West USA		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. osoyoosensis	Osoyoos muskrat					✔ S Canada,West USA to San Juan, Texas		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. pallidus	Arizona/Pale muskrat					✔ West Central USA		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. ripensis	Pecos River muskrat					✔ SW Texas & SE New Mexico		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. rivalicus	Louisiana muskrat					✔ South West USA to E Texas		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. spatulatus	North West muskrat					✔ North West USA and W Canada		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. zalophus	Alaska muskrat					✔ S Alaska		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. z. zibethicus	Common muskrat					✔ SE Canada & East USA		(Willner et al., 1980; Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013)
		O. palustris palustris	Central Florida Rice Rat					✔ West USA		(Hershkovitz, 1971; Wolfe, 1982; Wilson, 2005)
		O. p. natator	Lower Keys Rice Rat					✔ Lower Florida Keys, Central Florida, north of Everglades		(Hershkovitz, 1971; Wolfe, 1982; Wilson, 2005)
		Rheomys raptor hartmanni	Hartmann’s Water Mouse					✔ Chiriqui & Rio Cotito, Panama		(Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005)
		R. r. raptor	Goldman’s Water Mouse/ Panama Water Mouse						✔ Costa Rica & E Panama	(Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005)
		R. thomasi chiapensis	Chiapas Water Mouse					✔ Mexico & Chiapas		(Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005)
		R. thomasi stirtoni	Unnamed subspecies					✔ Chalatenango, El Salvador		(Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005)
		R. thomasi thomasi	Thomas’s Water Mouse					✔ Mount Cacaguantique & San Miguel, El Salvador		(Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005)
	Myocastoridae	Myocastor coypus bonariensis	Argentine Coypu, Nutria					✔ Introduced to Texas	✔ SE Brazil, CN Argentina, Paraguay & Uruguay	(Woods et al., 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		M. c. coypus	Coypu, Nutria, Ratao do Banhado	✔	✔ Introduced to Japan		✔		✔ Central Chile	(Woods et al., 1992; Bertolino et al., 2005; Wilson, 2005)
		M. c. melanops	Unnamed subspecies						✔ S Chile & Argentina	(Woods et al., 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		M. c. sanctaecruzae	Santa Cruz Coypu						✔ Santa Cruz, SE Argentinia	(Woods et al., 1992; Wilson, 2005)
	Thryonomyidae	Thryonomys gregorianus gregorianus	Lesser cane rat		✔ CE Africa					(Skinner & Smithers, 1990; Wilson, 2005)
		T. g. sclateri	Unnamed subspecies		✔ Malawi					(Skinner & Smithers, 1990; Wilson, 2005)
Soricomorpha	Soricidae	Sorex bendirii albiventer	Olympic Water Shrew					✔ Olympic mountains, Mason Country, Washington, USA		(O’Neill et al., 2005; Wilson, 2005)
		S. b. bendirii	Bendire water shrew					✔ SW Canada & NW USA		(O’Neill et al., 2005; Wilson, 2005)
		S. b. palmeri	Palmer water shrew					✔ West USA		(O’Neill et al., 2005; Wilson, 2005)
		S. palustris albibarbis	Northern water shrew/ White-chinned water shrew/ White-lipped swimming shrew					✔ E Canada & North West USA		(Wilson, 2005; Churchﬁeld, 2007; Veron et al., 2008)
		S. p. brooksi	Vancouver Island shrew					✔ S Vancouver Island, Victoria & British Columbia, Canada		(Wilson, 2005; Churchﬁeld, 2007; Veron et al., 2008)
		S. p. gloveralleni	Nova Scotia water shrew					✔ Nova Scotia, N New Brunswick, E Quaebec, Canada & Wisconsin, USA		(Wilson, 2005; Churchﬁeld, 2007; Veron et al., 2008)
		S. p. hydrobadistes	Wisconsin water shrew/ Great Lakes water shrew					✔ NE South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, USA & E Lake Superior, Ontario, Canada		(Wilson, 2005; Churchﬁeld, 2007; Veron et al., 2008)
		S. p. labradorensis	Labrador water shrew					✔ Labrador, Astray Lake, Quebec, Canada		(Wilson, 2005; Churchﬁeld, 2007; Veron et al., 2008)
		S. p. navigator	White-bellied water shrew/ Rocky Mountain water shrew/ Navigator shrew					✔ NW British Colombia, S Yukon, SW Alaska, Canada & West USA		(Wilson, 2005; Churchﬁeld, 2007; Veron et al., 2008)
		S. p. punctulatus	Southern water shrew/ West Virginia water shrew/ Appalachian water shrew					✔ West Virginia, Pennsylvania & Maryland, USA		(Wilson, 2005; Churchﬁeld, 2007; Veron et al., 2008)
		S. p. turneri	Ungava water shrew					✔ West Virginia, Pennsylvania & Maryland, USA		(Petersen & Yates, 1980; Wilson, 2005)
	Talpidae	Condylura cristata cristata	Star-nosed mole					✔ North & North West USA		(Petersen & Yates, 1980; Wilson, 2005)
		C. c. nigra	Unnamed subspecies					Nova Scotia, Grosse Isle, Quebec, Canada		(Petersen & Yates, 1980; Wilson, 2005)
		Galemys pyrenaicus pyrenaicus	Pyrenean Desman				✔ Pyrenees, SW France to NE Spain			(Petersen & Yates, 1980; Wilson, 2005)(Palmeirim & Hoffmann, 1983; Wilson, 2005)
		G. p. rufulus	Spanish Desman				✔ Segovia, Sierra de Guadarrama, Spain			(Palmeirim & Hoffmann, 1983; Wilson, 2005)
Carnivora	Canidae	Speothos venaticus panamensis	Panaman bush dog					✔ E Panama	✔ NE Colombia to Venezuela	(Beisiegel & Zuercher, 2005; DeMatteo & Loiselle, 2008; de Oliveira, 2009)
		S. v. venaticus	Bush dog							(Beisiegel & Zuercher, 2005; DeMatteo & Loiselle, 2008; de Oliveira, 2009)
		S. v. wingei	Southern bush dog							(Beisiegel & Zuercher, 2005; DeMatteo & Loiselle, 2008; de Oliveira, 2009)
	Herpestidae	Atilax paludinosus macrodon	Unnamed subspecies	✔ Angola, Congo, DR Congo, Central African Republic, Burundi and Rwanda						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		A. p. mitis	Unnamed subspecies	✔ Ethiopia						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		A. p. mordax	Nyasa marsh mongoose	✔ Tanzania						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		A. p. nigerianus	Nigerian marsh mongoose	✔ Nigeria						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		A. p. paludinosus	Cape marsh mongoose	✔ South Africa						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		A. p. pluto	Red river mongoose	✔ Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Liberia, Niger, Togo & Burkina Faso						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		A. p. robustus	Unnamed subspecies	✔ Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda Chad & DR Congo						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		A. p. rubellus	Unnamed subspecies	✔ Mozambique, Malawi & Zimbabwe						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		A. p. rubescens	Kilimanjaro marsh mongoose	✔ NE DR Congo, to N Tanzania, Kenya & Uganda						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		A. p. spadiceus	Unnamed subspecies	✔ Cameroon, Gabon & Equatorial Guinea						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
		A. p. transvaalensis	Transvaal marsh mongoose	✔ South Africa, Transvaal, Angola, Namibia & Zambia						(Baker, 1992; Wilson, 2005)
	Mustelidae	Aonyx capensis capensis	Southern clawless otter	✔ S & SW Africa						(Larivière, 2001a; Wilson, 2005)
		A. c. hindei	Ethiopian clawless otter	✔ East DR Congo & E Zambia						(Larivière, 2001a; Wilson, 2005)
		A. c. meneleki	Ethiopian clawless otter	✔ N Ethiopia						(Larivière, 2001a; Wilson, 2005)
		A. c. microdon	Cameroon clawless otter	✔ Cameroon & Nigeria						(Larivière, 2001a; Wilson, 2005)
		A. c. philippsi	Phillip’s otter	✔ E DR Congo & Uganda to Burundi & Rwanda						(Larivière, 2001a; Wilson, 2005)
		Aonyx cinerea cinerea	Unnamed subspecies		✔					(Larivière, 2003; Wilson, 2005)
		A. c. concolor	Unnamed subspecies		✔ Myanmar extending up to Sumatra					(Pocock, 1941; Wilson, 2005; Hussain et al., 2011; IUCN, 2013)
		A. c. nirnai	Unnamed subspecies		✔High altitude southern India					(Pocock, 1941; Wilson, 2005; Hussain et al., 2011; IUCN, 2013)
		A. congicus congicus	Congo clawless otter	✔DR Congo						(Larivière, 2001b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		A. c. poensis	Fernando Po clawless otter	✔Equatorial Guinea						(Larivière, 2001b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		Lontra canadensis canadensis	Canadian river otter					✔ E Canada & North West & West USA		(Larivière & Walton, 1998; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. c. kodiacensis	Kodiak river otter					✔ Uyak Bay, Kodiak Island & Afognak Island, Canada		(Larivière & Walton, 1998; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. c. lataxina	South east Canadian river otter/ Carolina otter					✔ New Jersey to South Carolina		(Larivière & Walton, 1998; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. c. mira	Prince of Wales river otter					✔ SE Alaska		(Larivière & Walton, 1998; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. c. pacifica	Pacific otter					✔ Orgegon, Washinton & Alaska, USA & British Colombia, Canada		(Larivière & Walton, 1998; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. c. periclyzomae	Queen Charlotte otter/ Sea-Girt otter					✔ British Colombia, Canada		(Larivière & Walton, 1998; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. c. sonora	Mexican otter					✔ Arizona, California, SW New Mexico & SE Nevada		(Larivière & Walton, 1998; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. longicaudis annectensc	Unnamed subspecies						✔ Endemic to San Juan	(Larivière, 1999a; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L.l. colombiana	Colombian otter						✔ Bonda & Santa Marta	(Larivière, 1999a; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L.l. enudris	Brazilian river otter						✔ Rio Maroni & French Guiana	(Larivière, 1999a; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L l. incarum	Peruvian river otter						✔ Marcapata, Cusco & Peru	(Larivière, 1999a; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. l. longicaudis	Neotropical otter						✔ Endemic to Brazil	(Larivière, 1999a; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. l. platensis	La Plata otter						✔ Maldonado & Uruguay	(Larivière, 1999a; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		Lutra lutra angustifrons	Unnamed subspecies	✔ Algeria & Morocco						(Wilson, 2005; Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		L. l. aurobrunneus	Unnamed subspecies		✔ Garhwal Himalayas & Nepal					(Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		L. l. barang	Southeast asian river otter		✔ Thailand, Indonesia & Malaysia					(Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		L. l. chiensis	Chinese river otter		✔ Southern China & Taiwan					(Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		L. l. hanensis	Unnamed subspecies		✔ Central Chinal					(Wilson, 2005; Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		L. l. kutab	Kashmir otter		✔ Endemic to Kashmir					(Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		L. l. lutra	Northern river otter							(Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		L. l. meridionalis	Caucasian otter		✔ Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel, Palestine & Lebanon		✔ N Caucasia & Transcaucasia			(Wilson, 2005; Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		L. l. monticolus	Hill otter		✔ Northern India					(Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		L. l. nair	Ceylon river otter, Indian otter		✔ Southern India & Sri Lanka					(Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		L. l. seistanica	Central Asian otter		✔ Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Dzhungarsk Alatau					(Wilson, 2005; Ruiz-Olmo et al., 2008)
		Lutrogale perspicillata maxwellid	Maxwell’s otter/Iraq smooth coated otter		✔ Southern Iraq					(Hwang & Larivière, 2005; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. p. perspicillata	Unnamed subspecies		✔ NE & S India, Myanmar and Sumatra					(Hwang & Larivière, 2005; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		L. p. sindica	Unnamed subspecies		✔ N & NW India & Pakistan					(Hwang & Larivière, 2005; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		Mustela lutreola biedermanni	French mink				✔ W France			(Youngman, 1990; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		M. l. binominata	Unnamed subspecies				✔ Caucasian Mountains			(Youngman, 1990; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		M. l. cylipena	Middle European mink				✔ NW European Russia, W Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus			(Youngman, 1990; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		M. l. lutreola	Northern European mink		✔ W Asian Russia		✔ N Europe			(Youngman, 1990; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		M. l. novikovi	Siberian mink				✔ SW European Russia & E Ukraine			(Youngman, 1990; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		M. l. transsylvanica	Romanian mink				✔ Transylvania, Romania, Moldavia & Bulgaria			(Youngman, 1990; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		M. l. turovi	Caucasian mink				✔ SW European Russia & E Ukraine			(Youngman, 1990; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		Neovison vison aestuarina	Californian mink					✔ Oregon, Nevada & N California		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. aniakensis	Aniak mink					✔ Aniak, Alaska		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. energumenos	Black-footed ferret mink/ Pacific mink					✔ Western USA, British Colombia & South Yukon, Canada		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. evergladensis	Everglades mink					✔ Florida, USA		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. ingens	Big mink/large mink					✔ Alaska & Yukon		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. lacustris	Hudson Bay mink					✔ Central & W Canada & North Dakota, USA		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. letifera	Upper Mississippi Valley mink					✔ Minnesota, Wisconsin, South Dakota, N Illinois, N Missouri & S Kansas		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. lowii	Unnamed subspecies					✔ E Canada		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. lutensis	Atlantic saltmarsh mink					✔ SE Coast of USA		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. melampeplus	Kenai mink/ Dark-hued mink					✔ Kenai Penisula, Alaska		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. mink	Southern mink/ common mink					✔ East USA		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. nesolestes	Alaskan mink					✔ Alaska, USA		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		N. v. vulgivaga						✔ Coast of Louisiana & Mississippi		(Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005; IUCN, 2013)
		Pteronura brasiliensis brasiliensis							✔ Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay & Brazil	(Duplaix, 1980; IUCN, 2013)
		P. b. paranensis							✔ Paraguay & Parana rivers in Brazil, Argentina & Uruguay	(Duplaix, 1980; IUCN, 2013)
	Phocidae	Phoca vitulina mellonae						✔ Endemic to Ungava Peninsula		(IUCN, 2013; Committee on Taxonomy, 2014)
		Pusa hispida ladogensis					✔ Endemic to Lake Ladoga			(IUCN, 2013; Committee on Taxonomy, 2014)
		P. h. saimensis					✔ Endemic to Lake Saimaa			(IUCN, 2013; Committee on Taxonomy, 2014)
	Viverridae	Cynogale bennettii bennettii			✔ Sumatra, Malasia & Borneo					(Veron et al., 2006; Veron et al., 2008; Cheyne et al., 2010; IUCN, 2013)
		C. b. lowei			✔ SW China, N Thailand & N Vietnam					(Veron et al., 2006; Veron et al., 2008; Cheyne et al., 2010; IUCN, 2013)
Artiodactyla	Hippopotamidaee	Hippopotamus amphibious capensis	Cape hippopotamus	✔ Zambia to South Africa, Zimabwe, Botswana, Swaziland & Angola						(Eltringham, 1993; IUCN, 2013)
		H. a. kiboko	East African hippopotamus	✔ Kenya, Rift Valley & Somalia						(Eltringham, 1993; IUCN, 2013)
Cetacea	Iniidaef	Inia geoffrensis geoffrensis	Boto						✔ Endemic to Amazon river system	(IUCN, 2013; Committee on Taxonomy, 2014)
		I. g. humboldtiana	Orinoco bufeo						✔ Endemic to Orinoco basin	(IUCN, 2013; Committee on Taxonomy, 2014)
	Phocoenidae	Neophocaena asiaeorientalisasiaeorientalisg	Yangtze finless porpoise/Changjiang finless porpoise		✔ Yangtze River					(Reeves et al., 2002; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013)
		Platanista gangetica gangetica	Susu, Ganges river dolphin		✔ Ganges-Brahmaputra-Megna & Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems					(IUCN, 2013; Committee on Taxonomy, 2014)
		P. g. minor	Bhulan, Indus river dolphin		✔ Endemic to lower Indus basin					(IUCN, 2013; Committee on Taxonomy, 2014)

Table 2. Regional distribution of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammal subspecies. List of accepted subspecies follows Wilson (2005), and any deviations from the list are explained in footnotes. Species are listed taxonomically down to order, and then alphabetically through family, genus and species. Where applicable endemism is noted and refers to the geographical constraint and relative range limitation of species within a specific region; species-specific geographical distribution is noted. Marine subspecies are excluded, but distributions are listed separately in tables available in Todd et al. (2014).

a Very complicated taxonomy due to population bottlenecking and genetic mixing of relict populations through numerous reintroduction programs. In agreement with much of the available literature, “purebred” species are listed here, although it should be noted that many of these populations have undergone genetic mixing.

b Range of subspecies not defined specifically, thus range stated refers to both Holochilus brasiliensis darwini and H. b. vulpinus (Formoso et al., 2010).

c In this instance older literature in the form of Lariviére (1999) has been used over Wilson (2005), due to the specific focus on this particular species and wider use of supporting literature.

d Population status unknown; species is extinct potentially.

e Hippopotamus amphibious amphibious is now regionally extinct and thus excluded.

f Differs from Wilson (2005); Inia geoffrensis boliviensis is now considered a distinct species, Inia boliviensis (Committee on Taxonomy, 2014).

g Species name listed as Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis as per Committee on Taxonomy (2014), not Neophocaena phocaenoides as per Wilson (2005).

REFERENCES:

Baker, C (1992): Atilax paludinosus. Mammalian Species 408, 1-6.

Barreto, GR, and García-Rangel, S (2005): Holochilus sciureus. Mammalian Species 708, 1-5.

Beisiegel, BdM, and Zuercher, GL (2005): Speothos venaticus. Mammalian Species 783, 1-6.

Bertolino, S, Perrone, A, and Gola, L (2005): Effectiveness of coypu control in small Italian wetland areas. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33, 714-720.

Cheyne, SM, Husson, SJ, and Macdonald, DW (2010): First otter civet Cynogale bennettii photographed in sabangau peatswamp forest, Indonesian Borneo. Small Carnivore Conservation 42, 25-26.

Chu, H, and Jiang, Z (2009): Distribution and conservation of the Sino-Mongolian beaver Castor fiber birulai in China. Oryx 43, 197-202.

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Regional distribution of freshwater mammal subspecies

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