| Order |
Family |
Scientific name |
Common name |
Regions |
References |
|
Africa |
Asia |
Australasia |
Europe |
North America |
South America |
| Monotremata |
Ornithorhynchidae |
Ornithorhynchus anatinus |
Duck-billed platypus |
|
|
✔ |
|
|
|
(Kolomyjec, 2010; Pasitschniak-Arts & Marinelli, 1998) |
| Didelphimorphia |
Didelphidae |
Chironectes minimus |
Water opossum |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Wilson, 2005) |
| Afrosoricida |
Tenrecidae |
Limnogale mergulus |
Web-footed tenrec |
✔ Endemic to Madagascar |
|
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
Micropotamogale lamottei |
Nimba otter shrew |
✔ Endemic to Madagascar |
|
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
M. ruwenzorii |
Rwenzori otter shrew |
✔ Endemic to Madagascar |
|
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
Potamogale velox |
Giant otter shrew |
✔ |
|
|
|
|
|
(Veron et al., 2008) |
| Sirenia |
Trichechidae |
Trichechus inunguis |
Amazonian/South American manatee |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ Amazon basin |
(IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Reeves et al., 2002; Rosas, 1994) |
|
|
T. manatus |
West Indian manatee |
|
|
|
|
✔ |
✔ |
(Committee on Taxonomy, 2014; Domning, 1981; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Reeves et al., 2002) |
|
|
T. senegalensis |
West African manatee |
✔ West Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Reeves et al., 2002) |
| Rodentia |
Capromyidae |
Mesocapromys angelcabrerai |
Cabrera’s hutia |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
M. auritus |
Large eared hutia |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
M. nanus |
Dwarf hutia |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
M. sanfelipensis |
Little earth hutia |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Veron et al., 2008) |
|
Castoridae |
Castor canadensis |
North American beaver |
|
✔ |
|
✔ |
✔ |
✔ |
(Jenkins & Busher, 1979; Macdonald, 2006) |
|
|
C. fiber |
Eurasian beaver |
|
✔ |
|
✔ |
|
|
(Halley & Rosell, 2003; IUCN, 2013; Macdonald, 2006; Rosell et al., 2005) |
|
Caviidae |
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris |
Capybara |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Mones & Ojasti, 1986 |
|
|
H. isthmius |
Lesser capybara |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ NW |
(IUCN, 2013; Mones & Ojasti, 1986) |
|
Cricetidae |
Amphinectomys savamis |
Ucayali water rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ Peru |
(IUCN, 2013; Musser & Carleton, 2005; Solari, 2007) |
|
|
Anotomys leander |
Ecuador fish-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ Endemic to Ecuador |
(IUCN, 2013; Musser & Carleton, 2005; Voss, 1988) |
|
|
Arvicola amphibius |
European water vole |
|
✔ |
|
✔ |
|
|
(Shenbrot & Krasnov, 2005) |
|
|
A. sapidus |
South western/ southern water vole |
|
|
|
✔ |
|
|
(Desclaux et al., 2000) |
|
|
A. Scherman |
Montane water vole |
|
|
|
✔ |
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Musser & Carleton, 2005) |
|
|
Chibchanomys orcesi |
Las cajas ichthyomyine |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ Endemic to Ecuador |
(Barnett, 1999; Jenkins & Barnett, 1997) |
|
|
C. trichotis |
Chibchan water mouse |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Musser & Carleton, 2005; Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Holochilus brasiliensis |
Web-footed marsh rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(IUCN, 2013; Musser & Carleton, 2005; Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
H. chacarius |
Chaco marsh rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(IUCN, 2013; Musser & Carleton, 2005; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
H. sciureus |
Marsh rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Barreto & García-Rangel, 2005; IUCN, 2013; Musser & Carleton, 2005) |
|
|
Ichthyomys hydrobates |
Crab-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Eisenberg & Redford, 1999; Musser & Carleton, 2005) |
|
|
I. pittieri |
Pittier’s crab-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ Endemic to Venezuela |
(IUCN, 2013; Veron et al., 2008; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
I. stolzmanni |
Stolzmann’s crab-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(IUCN, 2013; Pacheco & Ugarte-Núñez, 2011; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
I. tweedii |
Tweedy’s crab-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(IUCN, 2013; Reid, 1997; Voss, 1988; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Lundomys molitor |
Lund’s amphibious rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Eisenberg & Redford, 1999; IUCN, 2013) |
|
|
Nectomys apicalis |
Western Amazonian nectomys |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Anderson, 1997; IUCN, 2013; Musser & Carleton, 2005; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
N. magdalenae |
Magdalena Nectomys |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ Endemic to north Colombia |
(Bonvicino et al., 2005; IUCN, 2013; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
N. palmipes |
Magdalena Nectomys |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Musser & Carleton, 2005) |
|
|
N. rattus |
Small-footed bristly mouse |
|
|
|
✔ |
|
✔ |
(Bonvicino et al., 2005 |
|
|
N. squamipes |
South American water rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Ernest, 1986; IUCN, 2013; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Neofiber alleni |
Round-tailed muskrat |
|
|
|
|
✔ |
|
(Birkenholz, 1972) |
|
|
Neusticomys ferreirai |
Ferreira’s fish-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ Endemic to Mato Grosso, Brazil |
(IUCN, 2013; Percequillo et al., 2005; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
N. monticolus |
Montane fish-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Packer & Lee Jr, 2007) |
|
|
N. mussoi |
Montane fish-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
N. oyapocki |
Oyapock’s fish-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
N. peruviensis |
Peruvian fish-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(IUCN, 2013; Veron et al., 2008; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
N. venezuelae |
Venezuelan fish-eating rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Ondatra zibethicus |
Muskrat |
|
✔ |
|
✔ |
✔ |
✔ |
(Skyrienė & Paulauskas, 2013; Willner et al., 1980) |
|
|
Oryzomys couesi |
Coues’s Rice Rat |
|
|
|
|
✔ |
✔ |
(Hershkovitz, 1987; Kirkpatrick & Cartwright, 1975; Platt et al., 2000; Reid, 1997; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
O. dimidiatus |
Thomas’s Rice Rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ Endemic to Nicaragua |
(Hershkovitz, 1970; IUCN, 2013; Musser & Carleton, 2005; Reid, 1997; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
O. gorgasi |
Gorgas’s rice rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Hershkovitz, 1971; Sanchez et al., 2001) |
|
|
O. palustris |
Marsh rice rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Hershkovitz, 1971; Wolfe, 1982) |
|
|
Rheomys mexicanus |
Mexican water mouse |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(IUCN, 2013; Santos-Moreno et al., 2003; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
R. raptor |
Goldman’s water mouse |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Hooper, 1968; Reid, 1997*; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
R. thomasi |
Thomas’s water mouse |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Owen & Girón, 2012; Reid, 1997*; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
R. underwoodi |
Underwood’s water mouse |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Reid, 1997*; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Scapteromys aquaticus |
Argentine swamp rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Bonvicino et al., 2013; D’Elía & Pardiñas, 2004; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
S. tumidus |
Swamp rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(D’Elía & Pardiñas, 2004; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Sigmodontomys alfari |
Alfaro’s rice water rat |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(IUCN, 2013; Wilson, 2005) |
|
Muridae |
Colomys goslingi |
African wading rat |
✔ |
|
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Nilopegamys plumbeus |
Ethiopian amphibious rat |
✔ |
|
|
|
|
|
(Wilson, 2005; Yalden et al., 1996) |
|
Myocastoridae |
Myocastor coypus |
Coypu or nutria |
✔ |
✔ |
|
✔ |
✔ |
✔ |
(Woods et al., 1992) |
|
Thryonomyidae |
Thryonomys gregorianus |
Lesser cane rat |
✔ |
|
|
|
|
|
(Skinner & Chimimba, 2005; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
T. swinderianus |
Greater cane rat |
✔ |
|
|
|
|
|
(Skinner & Smithers, 1990) |
| Soricomorpha |
Soricidae |
Chimarrogale hantu |
Malayan water shrew |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Hutterer, 2005; IUCN, 2013) |
|
|
C. himalayica |
Himalayan water shrew |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Hutterer, 2005; IUCN, 2013) |
|
|
C. phaeura |
Bornean water shrew |
|
✔ Endemic to Malaysia |
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
C. platycephalus |
Japanese water shrew |
|
✔ Endemic to Honshu & Kyushu, Japan |
|
|
|
|
(Abe et al., 2005; IUCN, 2013) |
|
|
C. styani |
Chinese water shrew |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Hoffmann & Lunde, 2008; IUCN, 2013; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
C. sumatrana |
Sumatran water shrew |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Veron et al., 2008; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Nectogale elegans |
Elegant water shrew |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Chakraborty et al., 2004) |
|
|
Neomys anomalus |
Mediterranean water shrew |
|
✔ |
|
✔ |
|
|
(Balčiauskas & Balčiauskenė, 2012; IUCN, 2013; Spitzenberger, 1999*) |
|
|
N. fodiens |
Eurasian water shrew |
|
✔ |
|
✔ |
|
|
(Aloise et al., 2005; Churchfield, 2007; Duff & Lawson, 2004; IUCN, 2013) |
|
|
N. teres |
Transcaucasian water shrew |
|
✔ |
|
✔ |
|
|
(Duff & Lawson, 2004; IUCN, 2013; Krystufek et al., 2000) |
|
|
Sorex bendirii |
Pacific water shrew |
|
|
|
|
✔ |
|
(Churchfield, 2007; IUCN, 2013; O’Neill et al., 2005; Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
S. palustris |
American water shrew |
|
|
|
|
✔ |
|
(Churchfield, 2007; IUCN, 2013; Veron et al., 2008) |
|
Talpidae |
Condylura cristata |
Star nosed mole |
|
|
|
|
✔ |
|
(IUCN, 2013; Petersen & Yates, 1980) |
|
|
Desmana moschata |
Russian desman |
|
|
|
✔ |
|
|
(Duff & Lawson, 2004; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Galemys pyrenaicus |
Pyrenean desman |
|
|
|
✔ |
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Palmeirim & Hoffmann, 1983; Wilson, 2005) |
| Carnivora |
Canidae |
Speothos venaticus |
Bush dog |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
Beisiegel & Zuercher, 2005; de Oliveira, 2009; DeMatteo & Loiselle, 2008) |
|
Herpestidae |
Atilax paludinosus |
Marsh mongoose |
✔ |
|
|
|
|
|
(Baker, 1992; IUCN, 2013; Wilson, 2005) |
|
Mustelidae |
Aonyx capensis |
African clawless otter |
✔ |
|
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Larivière, 2001a; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
A. cinerea |
Asian small clawed otter |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Hussain et al., 2011; IUCN, 2013; Pocock, 1941) |
|
|
A. congicus |
Congo clawless otter |
✔ |
|
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Larivière, 2001b; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Lontra canadensis |
North American otter |
|
|
|
|
✔ |
|
(IUCN, 2013; Larivière & Walton, 1998) |
|
|
L. longicaudis |
South American river otter |
|
|
|
|
✔ |
|
(IUCN, 2013; Larivière, 1999a; Maldonado & López González, 2003) |
|
|
L. provocax |
Southern river otter |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(IUCN, 2013; Larivière, 1999b; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Lutra lutra |
Eurasian otter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Márcia Barbosa et al., 2003; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
L. maculicollis |
Spotted necked otter |
✔ |
|
|
✔ |
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Larivière, 2002) |
|
|
L. nippon |
|
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Wilson, 2005Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki, 1989) |
|
|
L. sumatrana |
Hairy nosed otter |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Latifiana & Pickles, 2013; Poole, 2003; Wright et al., 2008) |
|
|
Lutrogale perspicillata |
Smooth coated otter |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Acharya & Lamsal, 2010; Hwang & Larivière, 2005; IUCN, 2013; Rais et al., 2009) |
|
|
Mustela lutreola |
European mink |
|
|
|
✔ |
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Youngman, 1990) |
|
|
Neovison vison |
American mink |
|
|
|
✔ |
✔ |
|
(IUCN, 2013; Larivière, 1999c) |
|
|
Pteronura brasiliensis |
Giant otter |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Carter & Rosas, 1997; IUCN, 2013; Wilson, 2005) |
|
Phocidae |
Phoca vitulina |
Harbour, common seal |
|
|
|
|
✔ |
|
(Committee on Taxonomy, 2014; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Reeves et al., 2002) |
|
|
Pusa hispida |
Ringed seal |
|
|
|
✔ |
|
|
(Committee on Taxonomy, 2014; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013) |
|
|
P. sibirica |
Baikal seal |
|
|
|
✔ |
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Palo & Väinölä, 2006; Perrin, 2013; Reeves et al., 2002) |
|
Viverridae |
Cynogale bennettii |
Sunda otter civet |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Cheyne et al., 2010; IUCN, 2013; Veron et al., 2006; Veron et al., 2008) |
|
|
Genetta piscivora |
Aquatic genet |
✔ Endemic to the DR Congo |
|
|
|
|
|
(IUCN, 2013; Van Rompaey, 1988) |
| Artiodactyla |
Hippopotamidae |
Choeropsis liberiensis |
Pygmy hippopotamus |
✔ Endemic to west Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
(Eltringham, 1993b; IUCN, 2013) |
|
|
Hippopotamus amphibius |
Hippopotamus |
✔ |
|
|
|
|
|
(Eltringham, 1993a; IUCN, 2013; Wilson, 2005) |
|
Delphinidae |
Orcaella brevirostris |
Irrawaddy dolphin |
|
✔ |
✔ |
|
|
|
(Committee on Taxonomy, 2014; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Wilson, 2005) |
|
|
Sotalia fluviatilis |
Tucuxi |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Borobia et al., 1991; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Reeves et al., 2002) |
|
Iniidae |
Inia boliviensis |
Bolivian bufeo |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Shostell & Ruiz-Garcia, 2010; Tavera et al., 2010) |
|
|
I. geoffrensis |
Amazon river dolphin |
|
|
|
|
|
✔ |
(Committee on Taxonomy, 2014; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Reeves et al., 2002) |
|
Phocoenidae |
Neophocaena asiaeorientalis |
Finless porpoise |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Committee on Taxonomy, 2014; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Reeves et al., 2002) |
|
Platanistidae |
Platanista gangetica |
South Asian river dolphin |
|
✔ |
|
|
|
|
(Committee on Taxonomy, 2014; IUCN, 2013; Perrin, 2013; Reeves et al., 2002) |
Table 1. Regional distribution of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals. Where applicable, endemism has been noted and refers to geographical constraint and relative range limitation of species within a specific region. Species are listed taxonomically down to order, and then alphabetically through family, genus and species. Where scientific names are in bold, regional distributions of subspecies have been included in a separate subspecies table, available at
www.osc.co.uk.
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