Tools

To be an effective Marine Mammal Observer (MMO) and/or Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) operator, certain knowledge and skills are required, including background knowledge of marine mammals and an ability to estimate range and bearing to a sighting. The Marine Mammal Observer and Passive Acoustic Monitoring Handbook explains everything in detail, and provides regional distribution tables of marine and freshwater mammal species, as well as hearing and vocalisation ranges for each species. Provided here are brief how-to-guides for some essential skills like estimating range and bearing to sightings.